springgreen: (Default)
[personal profile] springgreen
Spoilers: None
Disclaimer: Not mine!
Summary: Listen, and I will tell you how Monkey comes to America.
Notes: Written for st_aurafina for Yuletide 2007. Rachel, Yoon, Vom Marlowe, and Mely all guessed me correctly! (I felt so obvious writing this!)

Read The Journey West

Fandom information

American Gods is a book by Neil Gaiman about old myths and gods coming to America. There is also other stuff, but really, all you need to know is that Gaiman posits that gods come to America with their believers.

Factual notes

"Sandalwood hills" is the translation of the Chinese name for Honolulu. I think it may have originally referred to all of Hawaii, though I'm not sure. "Golden mountains" are, of course, California. "San Francisco" in Chinese is still called "Old Gold Mountain" (Australia was called "gold mountain" later, leading to the need for distinction).

The "no women" was because most of the first Chinese immigrants were men intending to make money to send back home, or to make enough to later move their families over. Most of them were never able to, because of immigration laws that turned away Chinese women. The reason why there's a larger and older Japanese-American population here is because more Japanese women were allowed here. Also, of course, the "no women" is because of all the scare tactics about evil Chinese men kidnapping white women into prostitution and drugging them with opium, never mind the history behind opium use in China. The first wave of Chinese immigrants came fleeing worsening conditions in the falling Qing Dynasty, conditions that really weren't helped by things like the Opium Wars or other Western attempts to break China open for "trade."

I think Monkey making new monkeys from bits of his fur is right from the book, though it's been a while since I've read it.

It's 1971 because of the Immigration Act of 1965, which finally repealed national quotas for immigration and led to the second large wave of Chinese immigration here. Though many Chinese people came here after the Communist takeover of China, the second wave was largely composed of those coming over from the Chinese diaspora, people whose parents had fled the Communists by migrating to Taiwan and Hong Kong, who then moved to America and had kids like me.

Some commentary

Through all of last week, I called this The Little Story That Could. I feel vaguely guilty and amazed and incredibly grateful for the attention it's gotten; I wrote it with an hour and a half left on the Yuletide clock and burned two batches of latkes on the stove in the process.

I lie a bit -- the story was written in about an hour, but it's been brewing in my head for a year now, ever since seeing an American Gods pinch hit for Yuletide 2006. I didn't get the pinch hit then (or now, even!), but I knew then and there I was going to tell the story of Monkey and the history of Chinese immigration to America. I've thought about writing it as a manga short story with [livejournal.com profile] vom_marlowe as well, though I was and still am unsure of how to script it.

I wish I had had more time to proof the story. I wanted to include more on Malaysia and Singapore and Indonesia and Thailand and Vietnam and Hawaii and Korean Americans. "Island nations and peninsular cities" was written in reference to Taiwan and Hong Kong, but it is of course also all the nations and cities of Southeast Asia where the Chinese diaspora has spread. I also wish I had included more on the third wave of Chinese immigration from mainland China, but I ran out of time.

I wrote this in anger and pain and hope, with the need to see myself in fiction and the knowledge that most stories of America are not my stories of America. I love that one of the central figures of American Gods is Anansi, but I rolled my eyes at the ever-familiar Norse mythology, of the feeling that immigration had somehow stopped way back when, that the new gods were Technology and whatnot. Because while they are, people are still coming here and bringing their own gods and their own stories.

This story is my "fuck you" to the Chinese Exclusion Act, to the laws barring Asian Americans from citizenship and naturalization, to the Japanese internment camps, to the murder of Vincent Chin. I mock the sentence in the Wikipedia article saying "After World War II, general anti-Asian prejudice largely dissolved."

This story is also my attempt to write myself and people like me into American history; I am American, yes, but I am also not, because I am Chinese, because I will not assimilate, because the red white and blue and the land of the free is what I grew up on, but it's also what kept me out, because I also grew up reading and hearing about Monkey and Li Bai, Hong Kong and Taiwan, Yellow River and Xi'an. It's also not just American; it's an attempt to write people like me into the Western world.

That said, the granddaughter in the story isn't me or anyone specific I know, though it could be a lot of us.

I'm incredibly touched that people liked the story and even more affected by the people who commented or recced saying it was their story too. It is their story as much as it is mine; we are all the mothers and daughters and friends in it.

(no subject)

Date: 2008-01-02 12:45 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] fmanalyst.livejournal.com
It's a lovely story, but I have something to add, call it a gift for the story. I was organizing my home office this afternoon and came across a binder of articles I collected when I was writing a paper on Monkey in anime and other forms. One of them was an interview with Maxine Hong Kingston, conducted by Marilyn Chin, about the oral transmission of stories. It's in the journal Melus 16:5 (Winter 1989-90). The interview is just after the publication of Tripmaster Monkey. You would love this article (assuming you haven't already seen it).

(no subject)

Date: 2008-01-02 09:29 pm (UTC)
ext_6116: (Default)
From: [identity profile] springgreen.livejournal.com
Oh, that's awesome! (Also, you wrote a paper on Monkey? So cool!) I'll have to look that up somewhere; I've never seen it. Also, uh, I should really read Maxine Hong Kingston, heh.

(no subject)

Date: 2008-01-02 10:17 pm (UTC)
From: [identity profile] fmanalyst.livejournal.com
I don't think I've ever published my paper on Monkey. It was a conference presentation at the International Conference for the Fantastic in the Arts 2 or 3 years ago. I'll post it to my blog in the next couple of days.

I would recommend Tripmaster Monkey by Maxine Hong Kingston. It's set in '60s San Francisco. Wittman Ah Sing is a Chinese-American writer who decides to write a play based on Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It has been a few years since I read it, but I remember it as looking at Asian-American identity in that period across ethnicities.

(no subject)

Date: 2008-01-02 11:12 pm (UTC)
ext_6116: (Default)
From: [identity profile] springgreen.livejournal.com
I'll post it to my blog in the next couple of days.

Yay! Looking forward to it.

(no subject)

Date: 2008-01-03 02:40 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] fmanalyst.livejournal.com
It dawned on me that I actually did already have that paper online, buried on my university webpage (identifying myself here) at http://www.radford.edu/~lcubbiso/personal/research/Goku.htm. Basically it's a Jungian reading of the archetypes three different anime/manga creators have used to present Goku. I'm still a bit frustrated at only being able to find a Tezuka version in the Americanized Alakazam the Great, and I really had to work hard even to find it on E-bay.

(no subject)

Date: 2008-01-03 02:47 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] fmanalyst.livejournal.com
Rereading this paper now, it seems too short, as conference papers necessarily are, and the conclusion seems pretty abrupt. I'd kind of like to go back and expand on it, though I don't know when I'd have the time.

(no subject)

Date: 2008-01-03 11:11 pm (UTC)
ext_6116: (Default)
From: [identity profile] springgreen.livejournal.com
Thanks so much for the link! Have bookmarked and am looking forward to reading it.

(no subject)

Date: 2008-01-02 01:06 am (UTC)
ext_12512: Hinoe from Natsume Yuujinchou, elegant and smirky (Default)
From: [identity profile] smillaraaq.livejournal.com
Oh, this was you! *hearts* I haven't been following a lot of folks' Yuletide recs because so many of them have been for fandoms I'm unfamiliar with, and *almost* passed this one by because I've never read any of Gaiman's novels, but I gave it a shot hoping that knowing a little about Monkey would be enough to counterbalance not knowing the Gaiman novel, and I was so, so glad I did. Thank you for writing this!

(And yes, FWIW, I've always heard that the "Sandalwood Mountain" name applied to Hawai'i as a whole. Long before the days of the sugar and pineapple plantations, sandalwood was the first great post-contact export (http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2006/Apr/14/il/FP604140306.html); the trade was so frenzied that the sandalwood forests were overharvested to near-extinction by the early 1800s.)

(no subject)

Date: 2008-01-02 09:37 pm (UTC)
ext_6116: (Default)
From: [identity profile] springgreen.livejournal.com
Thanks so much for the info! I tried to do some quick googles while writing but ran out of time =(. And oh, I'm so glad you liked the story! I think it is one of the most personal ones I have written and also the one where people's feedback meant so much.

(no subject)

Date: 2008-01-04 03:51 am (UTC)
From: [identity profile] jinian.livejournal.com
It's a good story. Sometimes they don't take long, and I expect that burning latkes stands in karmically for other forms of agonizing.

I also grew up reading and hearing about Monkey and Li Bai, Hong Kong and Taiwan, Yellow River and Xi'an

This gives me a strange and perhaps counterproductive urge to have a kid so that she can grow up hearing about all those things from her auntie Oyce. :)

(no subject)

Date: 2008-01-06 12:40 am (UTC)
ext_6116: (Default)
From: [identity profile] springgreen.livejournal.com
Thank you!

Also, bwahaha. I shudder at the thought of what I would do to a kid... ;)